This is a map of England in 1065 just before the Norman invasion - it shows the territories of the magnates of England at that time. I had hoped to show the area known as the "Honour of Huntingdon" This was an area that was originally the territory of Waltheof and later held by the Scots Royal family (on and off) as subjects of the English King. I could not find the map that specifically showed this area but the map below does show the boundaries of Waltheof's Earldom as the orange coloured area between the Earldom of Lanfric and that of Godwin to the south.

Why is this important to the Caldwell family?

Well, the English Caldwell family seem to have originated in this area and David I of Scotland was originally "Comes" of Southern Scotland (principally Strathclyde) before he succeeded his brother as King. He spent most of his life at the English Court and living on his estates on the Honour of Huntingdon.

David was a thoroughly modernised and "Norman-English" influenced Scot and was chiefly responsible for bringing up many Norman followers and retainers to settle and "Normanise" Southern Scotland. This suggests a frontier state dotted with new feudal Norman owners who set up strongppoints to overawe and dominate the existing smallholders in what was then a relatively sparsely populated area of under-worked farmland, bogs and moors.

"Comes" is a Roman term meaning "military ruler of a border provence". This suggests that Strathclyde although amalgamated by inheritance with the rest of Scotland, preferred to keep its independent and distinct way and that a strong hand was necessary to keep it part of the newly united country.